HVAC Design Assignment: West Gate Tunnel

Executive Summary
HVAC stands for ventilation, heating as well as air conditioning. It is a building system which controls the interior temperature of a tunnel moreover also controls the quality of air in some systems. The basic principles of the HVAC design includes a principle of the system operation as well as features determining the capacity and size of the devices installed in a system. While designing an HVAC system for tunnels next step is to understand the different component that makes up the HVAC system. Such as, in air conditioning part of the HVAC system, cooling is required to cool the air within the building, therefore different coolant can be found in the air conditioning system. Finally, there is a need to learn more about compressor and condenser units as well as HVAC system installations, including heat exchangers, zones and controls. This hvac design assignment will include the Preliminary design phase of HVAC system for West Gate Tunnel. Detailed design will also discuss in this hvac design assignment. Finally, System test, evaluation, validation and optimization processes are also discussed in this hvac design assignment.

Introduction: HVAC systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) are recognized as the largest energy consumers in commercial and institutional buildings. Often, designers use common knowledge, historical data and subjective experience in designing these systems; this includes the number of selected systems and a set of areas provided by those systems. Calculating the HVAC energy efficiency standard when selecting these systems is not easy; generally, the first selection criterion is the lowest investment cost.

Preliminary design

During the final design period, the development of the HVAC system design can be divided into several categories:

• HVAC Design Standard Manual
• Development of the HVAC Chart
• System selection
• Cooling and heating load calculation and system analysis
• Prepare HVAC chart and related equipment list
• A pressure of drop calculations
• Preparation of HVAC layout, structure and expansion pictures
• HVAC noise calculation

Equipment selection as well as specification preparation

1. Heat Exchanger
2. AHU Analysis
3. Heating and reheat analysis
4. Boiler Analysis
5. Cooler analysis
6. Pipe evacuation
7. Preparation of HVAC system diagram

In the initial stage of this hvac design assignment, the budget is calculated and estimated for the HVAC system within based on materials and equipment, transport and labor costs required for the system (Ahn, 2013). Based on the characteristics of the building, the work of the work and comfort based on economics and effectiveness requirements and assessment, the student selects two systems under the guidance of the instructor.

West gate tunnel design requirements for HVAC design standards have been established using DCM, building properties and other appropriate documents. Once specify these design requirements are specified, the HVAC diagram is made and using the available software packages to heat and cool the system of load calculation and cooling, which is done manually or automatically goes (Angel, 2012). There is needs to create 2 dimensional CAD HVAC diagrams that directly demonstrate the complete system of the HVAC system, indicate used spaces, identify airflow volume during this design phase. Double pressure is the next step to calculate. To calculate the loss of these pressures within the West Gate Tunnel HVAC system, the computer program is used as a design tool. These programs adopted three main design methods: Similar abnormal, balanced capabilities (rampant system changing) as well as fixed return methods. HVAC can reduce the initial costs of device selection and size, reduce homeowners comfort, increase operating efficiency, and reduce usage costs very much. On the contrary, over-carry equipment can be less effective in system cost, operating costs and actual size systems. Equipment selection: The TOPSS is flexible software packages that help designers finds out how train equipment meets their HVAC requirements (Chen and Tian, 2012). TOPSS creates a design through a variety of levels that works more than the basic model used to create a list of device options that meet the specified criteria or to establish the performance of the device. Most of these models have been rated and verified such as; ARI-410 establishes the single-set testing as well as rating requirements for air the cooling/heating coils moreover determines the capacity for production performance. If submitting a set of designer terms and TOPSS, the program creates the right products for judicial criteria. After completing this calculation, TOPSS offers train sales engineer for online sales of Microsoft Excel ™ in the selection of equipment, print, graph, opt-out, Excel timetables and designers (Kanaan, Ghaddar and Ghali, 2010).

Detailed design
The West Gate tunnel HVAC system is inherited from LEP.
The LHC Project request the installation of the closed-circuit underground unit for cooling electronics (RRs, UJs, RF, UAs, Beam dumps) and modifications linked to the collimation area at Point 7. Tunnel air handling units installed in surface blogs. SUs, SUXs. Air supplied to underground viaducts in the PMs of the seven points, discharged in UJs, air flows than in the LHC tunnel and is extracted by surface units at the odd points'. The West Gate tunnel HVAC system was not designed as a safety system (Leverette, Gebke and Idem, 2014). There are safety-related circuits (pressurization of access modules and accessible underground areas supplied from secured EL sources), Cold smoke extraction is not a safety system (no backup power). Stop/start of the units in purge mode is manually done by the fire brigade. All systems for the ventilation of the underground have stand-by units (automatic switchover if fault). Faults and status signals transmitted to CCC/TI for CV piquet action (24/7). 

Load calculation
To find ton capacity of West Gate Tunnel HVAC system, weight calculations are necessary. Load means heat transfer from the system drawn to achieve the desired level of rest and temperature (Lickrastina, Talcis, and Dzelzitis, 2014). This device also gives information on selection, system size, as well as design system. There are different types of loads:

1. To get the required chilling capacity, calculate cold load - cold load to estimate the heated growth in summer buildings.
2. Load heating - To obtain the required heating potential, calculate the heated weight to know the heat in the winter building (Nielsen, 2007).

Duct design:There are several theories that include the size of piping system

• Equal friction
• Stable recovery
• Total pressure
• Reduce speed
• Constant velocity

Same friction method is used to design the HVAC system because it gives a more accurate value to keep sterile stabilizing. In the same friction technique, the size of the system is accepted for continuous pressure loss per unit length. The same friction method will be use to provide the composition and remove the resulting piping system (Talukdar and Patra, 2010).

There are two main methods for branch design arrangements

• Low-pressure ventilation system outlook
• Reduce trunk methods

Return Duct: Every HVAC system requires a return air channel to maintain room pressure as well as air quality. According to shelter manual, the necessary fresh air flow are approximately 7.14 m3/s moreover there is a need to provide total gas flow of the 12.57 m3/s (stage + seat) total amount of withdrawal (12.58-7.15) 5.43 M3/S withdrawal by return line. Similarly, set the main return line speed up to 8m/s for supply line (Vedavarz, Kumar and Hussain, 2007). Using Fritz's equation, and determined the major return tube diameter as well as calculated the respective branch branches.

General Laboratory - In the laboratory, at least 12 air changes should be made per hour, providing 2 CFM / square feet is based on the height of the roof of 10 feet. Suppose the external heat does not increase, for 1.5W/ sqft lighting, for the weight of 165 square feet per person personnel, this design will allow various heats from 9.5 W/sq. Ft. Device. After further determining the heat benefit of the equipment and the number of a hood of smoke, the laboratory gas supply, and exit requirements will be finalized (Wright and Zhang, 2008). To reduce system energy usage the coil loop heat recovery will be used. In this, there is an air treatment unit in the exhaust system and glycol heat recovery wire. The two-phase pump is 100% size of each maximum capacity, during the winter; glycol spreads between the coals to transfer heat from the exhaust during the winter. Depending on external conditions, the system can also be used to pre-cool the exterior air during the summer. Fire Department will be able to control the ventilation system for smoking. The control unit will be located in the main hall of the operation center and the fire alarm system panel of each LOB building (Xiaogeng, 2017).

Ventilation system design: The International Model of Air Scattering is used to evaluate the structure and height of the ventilation structure for effective and safe dispersal (Leverette, Gebke and Idem, 2014). The model takes into account existing air quality, local weather, and terrain and conservative assumptions regarding emissions and vehicle types. This modeling is based on the worst case scenario to ensure that the ventilation system is effective even in very unlikely cases such as uninterrupted traffic and future improvements to vehicle standards.

Monitoring and reporting: There is a need to monitor air quality to help us understand the current local situation. After opening the West Gate project in 2022, it will help to measure any change in local air quality. When the project is open, we will continue to monitor air quality for up to 5 years. Air quality monitoring will also be conducted in the tunnel to confirm that the ventilation system works properly (Lickrastina, Talcis, and Dzelzitis, 2014). Air quality near the West Gate project area is affected by a number of factors, including climate conditions and emissions from local industry, motor vehicle and household combustion. EPA monitors the wider area through monitoring networks including Fuji and Brooklyn Air Quality. These stations are separated from the monitoring network of the West Gate tunnel project (Ccunningham, 2012).

System test, evaluation, validation, and optimization processesSystem Testing and Balancing: Waterside: the system will conduct a leak test and check the calibration and proper operation of the pump and other equipment. Flow through the pump will be measured and will be adjusted appropriately. The current strength of the motor will be read and recorded. 

Air Side: High-pressure supply line on air and all hood exhaust piping systems will be tested for a leak. System fans will be checked for proper rotation and balance and all drives will be adjusted to obtain pulleys proper airflow (Young, Darvennes and Idem, 2009). The current strength of the motor will be read and recorded. The airflow will be adjusted and recorded according to specifications for all end devices, diffusers, registers, and grills.

Vibration: Reduction of vibration due to the rotating device is a major concern for the NSLS-2 features. Many strategies will be used to achieve this goal. 1. Curved tools will not be located near the circular tunnel or laboratory. Separation is the primary strategy to reduce the effect of vibration on machine display. 2. Whenever possible the mechanical equipment will be separated from the power distribution system using the flexible connector (Ahn, 2013). 3. Major equipment projects will be specified on a high-quality level (non-commercial standards). 4. The main rotating equipment will be balanced in the factory. 5. The rotating device will be mounted using a vibration ablation bracket and, where applicable, using a root base. 6. Use vibration isolator to support delivery systems such as pipelines and piping systems (Esen et al., 2007).

Optimization
A model is presented to reduce the HVAC energy consumption and room temperature ramp rates. Data-developed approach is used to create relationships between input and output parameters using data collected from a commercial building. Computational intelligence algorithms are applied to solve non-parametric models (Angel, 2012). High accuracy models are built utilizing data-driven models of HVAC energy utilization is built. Temperate ramp rate are introduced to the optimization model. Design or analysis of the computer experiment method is utilized to compare the three computational intelligence algorithms. vEnergy saving over 16% has been attained.

Evaluation
The West Gate Tunnel ventilation project will be a proven practice and will operate under stringent air quality standard to defend community health as well as drivers through the tunnel (Sarbu and Sebarchievici, 2016). Tunnels can help reduce air pollution by moving from roads where people live and work. In the tunnel, vehicle emissions can be more effectively controlled and scattered and monitored to meet standards. There are thousands of tunnels in the world and there are perfect and effective ways to design tunnels and ventilation systems to avoid any negative impact on local or regional air quality (Chen and Tian, 2012). Studies have shown that the ventilation structure works most efficiently when approaching tunnel exit. The tunnel ventilation system of the project aims to:

• Meet demanding air quality requirements - one of the highest standards in the world
• Managing current and future traffic volumes.
• The tunnel ventilation system is designed to maintain safe air quality inside or outside the tunnel to meet strict air quality standards.

                                                     Image Source: ansys.com

The ventilation system works by drawing fresh air from the tunnel entrance and then pushing it into the tunnel by moving the vehicle and the jet fan (Kanaan, Ghaddar and Ghali, 2010). Before exiting the tunnel, the air is forced out of the ventilation structure into the atmosphere and mixed with fresh air. There are no emissions from the tunnel portal where the vehicle enters and exits. Studies from around the world clearly show that well-designed tunnel ventilation systems have no measurable impact on local or regional air quality (Villarino, Villarino and Fernández, 2017).

Conclusions
HVAC is considered as the most promising energy-saving system with very low life-cycle costs. This hvac design assignment provides a basic framework for designing load calculations on component sizes. For comfortable adjustment, the main method of reducing the piping size is the most suitable flow rate for the treated air, which ensures proper cooling in summer (Nielsen, 2007). Most significantly the best or the most appropriate HVAC system cannot be design according to West Gate Tunnel design, but the building must be designed according to the HVAC system. hvac design assignments are being prepared by our civil assignment help experts from top universities which let us to provide you a reliable Total assignment help service.

References
Ahn, C. (2013). System Design for Energy Efficiency Optimization of HVAC System. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONVERGENCE, 3(2). Angel, W. (2012). HVAC design sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Ahn, C. (2013). System Design for Energy Efficiency Optimization of HVAC System. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONVERGENCE, 3(2). Angel, W. (2012). HVAC design sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Chen, X. and Tian, B. (2012). The Application of Computer Design Tools in Building and HVAC System Design. Advanced Materials Research, 442, pp.412-417.

Esen, H., Inalli, M., Esen, M. and Pihtili, K. (2007). Energy and exergy analysis of a ground-coupled heat pump system with two horizontal ground heat exchangers. Building and Environment, 42(10), pp.3606-3615.

Kanaan, M., Ghaddar, N. and Ghali, K. (2010). Simplified Model of Contaminant Dispersion in Rooms Conditioned by Chilled-Ceiling Displacement Ventilation System. HVAC&R Research, 16(6), pp.765-783.

Leverette, J., Gebke, K. and Idem, S. (2014). Pressure and velocity variation in a fabric air dispersion system. HVAC&R Research, 20(8), pp.862-874.

Lickrastina, A., Talcis, N. and Dzelzitis, E. (2014). Cogeneration unit with an absorption heat pump for the district heating system. HVAC&R Research, 20(4), pp.404-410.

Nielsen, P. (2007). Analysis and Design of Room Air Distribution Systems. HVAC&R Research, 13(6), pp.987-997.

Sarbu, I. and Sebarchievici, C. (2016). Performance Evaluation of Radiator and Radiant Floor Heating Systems for an Office Room Connected to a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump. Energies, 9(4), p.228.

Talukdar, A. and Patra, A. (2010). Dynamic Model-Based Fault Tolerant Control of Variable Air Volume Air Conditioning System. HVAC&R Research, 16(2), pp.233-254.